How to form the passé composé

Use avoir or être in the present followed by the past participle.

J’ai parlé. Elle est arrivée.

I spoke. She arrived.

Common participles

Regular -er verbs usually have a participle in -é; second-group -ir verbs have one in -i. Irregular participles must be learned with their verbs.

VerbAuxiliaryParticiple (masculine singular)
parleravoirparlé
finiravoirfini
prendreavoirpris
faireavoirfait
voiravoirvu
avoiravoireu
êtreavoirété
venirêtrevenu

Negation

Place ne and pas around the conjugated auxiliary.

Je n’ai pas compris.

I did not understand.

Which auxiliary?

Most verbs use avoir. A smaller group uses être, as do reflexive constructions. Agreement depends on the auxiliary and the sentence. See avoir or être and reflexive verbs.

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